Primary industry: an industry, such as farming, fishing, forestry and mining, that
extracts raw materials directly from the land or sea.
Secondary industry: an industry that processes or manufactures primary raw materials (such
as steelmaking) assembles parts made by other industries (such as cars) or is
part of the construction industry.
Tertiary industry: an occupation, such as health, education, transport and retailing,
which provides a service to people
Employment structure (how the
workforce is divided up between employment sectors) of an MEDC
e.g. UK
·
Low proportion of people
working in primary industry.
§ Mechanisations of jobs in the primary sector.
§ Also, as primary resources have
become exhausted (e.g. coal)
§ A lot of resources are now imported.
·
The number of people
employed in the secondary sector is falling.
§ Mechanisation - as machines are taking over jobs in factories.
·
The tertiary
sector is the main growth area.
§ Most people work in hospitals, schools, offices
and financial services.
§ Greater demand for leisure services as people
have more free time and become wealthier.
§ More jobs become available in the tertiary
sector.
Employment structure of an LEDC e.g. Ghana
- The majority of people work in the primary
sector.
§ This is due to the lack of machinery available
in farming, forestry and mining.
§ Farming is very important because people often
grow the food they eat.
- Few people work in secondary
industries due to the lack of factories –
§ machinery is too expensive
§ Multi-national companies rely on the raw
materials available in Ghana to assist in manufacturing products
- Tertiary sector can be larger than secondary
sector.
§ Most informal work is in the tertiary sector
§ Growth of jobs in tourism
Employment structure of a NIC e.g. Brazil
Brazil is a NIC or Newly Industrialized
Country. While it is developing its economic base there are still a large
number of people employed in primary industries such as farming. There are a
large proportion of people employed in tertiary industries. One reason for this
is because of the growth of Brazil as a tourist destination. Also, there have
been significant improvements in the provision of health care, education and
transport.
The industrial system has 3 parts:
inputs, processes and outputs
Inputs include: physical (natural) which are
the resources such as coal and iron ore, or human/economic (artificial) such as
labour and costs.
Processes include: turning raw materials into
usable things such as steelmaking and also turning the usable things into other
things for example assembling cars.
Outputs include: profit or loss + waste
materials e.g. slag + products for sale
Locating an industry:
Physical factors:
-power/energy:
the industry should be near the raw materials or a port/station where the
materials come from
-natural
routes: river valleys and flat land is good for transport
-site
and land: flat land & enough space might be needed, cheap land
Human and economic factors:
-labour:
quantity (industry might need many people) and/or quality (very-skilled
workers, close to a university)
-capital
(money)
-markets:
size and location of market
-transport:
cost increases when items are bulky (steel), fragile (glassware) , heavy
(steel) or perishable (fruit/veg.)
-government
policies
-improved
technology: e.g. people who reply to phone calls as a job (noobs)
-leisure
facilities: countryside views / amenities
High-tech industries are footloose as they do
not need to be near raw materials so are located:
-in a pleasant working environment near to
large markets and major transport routes
Or
-especially in the case of foreign companies,
been tempted by government policies to locate in former industrial areas which
often had higher levels of unemployment
